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Sterling
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Sterling was a modest, but game, racehorse whose best distance was a little over a mile. As the offspring of one of the great Birdcatcher's least impressive sons, he was seemingly not destined for an impressive stud career, yet he got four classic winners and some top stayers, including Isonomy, who continued the sire line. Through Isonomy and other sons he had a great influence on British and French breeding, his daughters spread his influence even further, and he also was influential in jumper breeding.
His sire, Oxford (1857), by Birdcatcher, was, at best, a modest runner whose best race (favored at 3:1) was probably his second placing, by a neck, to future Derby winner Thormanby, as a juvenile in the Mostyn Stakes at Chester, where he beat Rattlebone, Madrid, and five other youngsters. He failed to win in two small races at age three, but improved at age four, winning a race at Oxford, and one at York, and running second to the three year old Calpe in the Liverpool Spring Cup over 1 mile-2 furlongs. A "lightly timbered" chestnut out of the Plenipotentiary mare, Honey Dear, he was sold as a yearling to Young Graham, who ran his horses under the name "Mr. Drummond." In 1862 Oxford was retired to Yardley Stud, near Birmingham, owned by Graham and his brother, George. Despite his indifferent racing career, Graham had great faith in Oxford, always maintaining he was a first-class colt, who of all of Birdcatcher's sons, had the best bone and best temper.
As a sire Oxford was hardly successful, rising to seventh in the sire's list once. However, he was one of the few sons of Birdcatcher (who died when Oxford was four) available in England: The Baron, Birdcatcher's best son, and Womersley had both been sold to France, Knight of St. George and Mickey Free were sold to America, and Daniel O'Rourke went to Hungary. Other than Sterling, who continued the sire line, Oxford's best runners were Playfair (1869), a full brother to Sterling, who won the Cambridgeshire Stakes and was later a successful hunter sire, and the good sprinter Oxonian (1866), winner of Goodwood's six-furlong Steward's Cup and of Doncaster's Portland Handicap Stakes over five furlongs. Another son, Blenheim, was a decent runner, who beat the brilliant roarer, Prince Charlie (later sire, in America, of the great Salvator), on one occasion at Newmarket, receiving seven pounds.
Two of Oxford's daughters, Maltese Cross (1871) and Petroleuse (1869) were sent to the Antipodes, where both produced top class sires, Gozo (exported in-utero, Wild Oats - Maltese Cross), who sired three Melbourne Cup winners and a number of other stakes winners and handicap horses, mostly stayers, and Hotchkiss (1885, Musket-Petroleuse), who got a number of top winners of races at distances from 6 to 18 furlongs in Australia and New Zealand and left an influential sire son, the smart sprinter True Blue, who got mostly stayers.
Another Oxford daughter, Sultanta (1869), produced several good runners, including the good juvenile filly Gulbeyaz (1886, by Bend Or), whose daughter, Excellenza (1897) was an excellent producer, dam of Brown Prince, Ambassador IV, Envy and the fast Glasgerion. Another daughter, Hippodrome (1868) produced a good juvenile runner in Rookery (1880, by Hampton). Oxford's daughter Oxford Mixture (1870), produced Prince of Wales's Stakes winner Pepper and Salt (1882), who later sired City and Suburban Handicap winner Grey Leg, himself primarily a hunter sire who, through some good daughters, bolstered Oxford's presence in modern pedigrees.
Oxford's sons, other than Sterling, were a modest lot as sires. One, Standard (1874, a brother to Sterling), sired Doncaster Cup winner Hambledon (1882, from a Musket daughter). Another, Nuneham (1869), sired a couple of stakes winners in Philomel and Rosalind. Two sons, Wilberforce (1868) and Chandos (1870), were sent to Australia, where they had little impact.
Sterling's dam, the bay Whisper, was by 2,000 Guineas winner Flatcatcher, and out of Silence, a mare bred by Richard Taylor, by two-time leading sire and game stayer Melbourne. Whisper's other offspring for Yardley Stud included the aforementioned Cambridgeshire Stakes winner Playfair, Standard, and several other full siblings to Sterling of ultimately little influence. Whisper dropped Sterling, a rich bay with Melbourne's long back, in 1868.
Sterling on the Turf
As a racehorse, Sterling was best at a mile, or a little over, with a burst of speed that made him dangerous to his opponents. Owned throughout his turf and stud career by Graham's daughter, he ran under her ownership with the assumed racing identity "Mr. Blaydon." He was ridden in most of his races by Henry Custance, who had ridden Thormanby to his Derby win for James Merry. Custance rated Sterling as at least equal to Thormanby as the best horse he had ridden in his almost twenty years as a jockey, calling him "gallant," and possessed of "brilliant gameness and determination."
At age three Sterling won three races. In the 2,000 Guineas he and another good three year old, King of the Forest, were unexpectedly beaten into second and third place, respectively, by the roarer Bothwell, a good juvenile that never won another race after his classic win. That year he also ran third to King of the Forest and the 1,000 Guineas-Oaks-St. Leger winning filly, Hannah, in the Princess of Wales' Stakes. In the Cambridgeshire Stakes handicap, he ran a dead heat with Allbrook for second place, a short head behind the winner, Sabinus, in a cold, pouring rain, after he "became almost unmanageable" during the long delayed start for the 37 horses in the field. Leased to Frederick Gretton at age four, he won the Craven Stakes when it was a weight-for-age race for horses age three and over. At age five, he ran again in the Cambridgeshire, carrying 133 pounds, and was beaten by two heads by the French horse, Montargis (carrying 111 pounds) and the three-year-old Walnut (carrying 92 pounds). He ended his career with a win in the Autumn Liverpool Cup. His race record, at least from Custance's testimony, then, was less than indicative of his true quality, later borne out by his good performance in the stud.
Sterling in the Stud
Sterling sired four classic winners -- HARVESTER, a Derby winner (in a dead heat), and three 2,000 Guineas winners, PARADOX, ENTERPRISE and ENTHUSIAST. While many of his youngsters were, like him, limited to a little over a mile, or less, in their ability to win, he got several good stayers in ISONOMY (Ascot Gold Cup, Doncaster Cup), Gold (Ascot Gold Cup), and PARADOX, who won the Grand Prix de Paris. His sons were better than his daughters on the turf; he had only one really good filly, SUPERBA, who went undefeated in a run of seven good juvenile races and later placed second in the Oaks. But his daughters were good producers from whom descend some influential stallions and top racehorses. Sterling's blood is also interwoven into successful Irish-bred steeplechasers through several sons, notably ENTHUSIAST and his son ENERGY, CHERRY RIPE, PLAY ACTOR, and through a grandson, Wavelet's Pride (by Fernandez), who headed the leading sires of jumpers list in the U.K. for ten years.
By the early 1880s, it was apparent Sterling was producing some very good runners, and he did get some well-bred, if not particularly successful on the turf, mares after that time. But it was through some extremely modest mares that he had most of his success: the Graham's Cherry Duchess was by Goodwood Cup winner, The Duke, only a middling son of the great Stockwell, who sired some daughters that bred on, and Cherry Duchess herself, although a winner of four small races as a juvenile, couldn't go beyond five furlongs, yet she produced two top runners to the cover of Sterling, and some excellent producing daughters. Another Yardley mare was Casuistry, by the Great Yorkshire Stakes winner The Miner (a son of Rataplan); The Miner was a very indifferent sire, and her dam, Lady Caroline, by the Derby winning Touchstone son Orlando, was of no use on the turf. Casuistry, who won one half-mile plate in four starts at age two, to the cover of Sterling produced the temperamental 2,000 Guineas and Grand Prix de Paris winner PARADOX, and INCHBONNY, ancestress of classic winners after the turn of the century. When Sterling was presented with mares with some credentials, he usually took full advantage: the dam of ISONOMY and FERNANDEZ, Isola Bella, was a non-winner, but she had the pedigree, sired by Stockwell and out of Goodwood Cup winner Isoline. Graham's daughter reportedly twice refused offers of £10,000 for Sterling, and reputedly stated, in responding to a purchase inquiry from Australia, "All the gold in Australia would not buy him."
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Isonomy
Paradox in Newmarket's Birdcage after his 2,000 Guineas win.
Harvester
Energy
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ISONOMY (1875) was bred at Yardley Stud, and purchased as a yearling by trainer John Porter for one of his owners, Frederick Gretton, who had leased Sterling during his racing career. Isonomy was out of Isola Bella, who was useless on the turf; she was out of Goodwood Cup winner Isoline and was by the great sire Stockwell. ISONOMY won just one race, the Cambridgeshire, in his first two seasons on the turf, and then went on to show what a sound, game stayer he was by winning the Ascot Gold Cup twice, the Doncaster Cup, the Goodwood Cup, the Ascot Gold Vase, the Ebor Handicap and the Manchester Cup, over all kinds of surfaces. He became a great sire after entering the stud in 1881, with two sons who carried on the Birdcatcher sire line -- Gallinule, who led the sire's list in 1904, and the excellent racehorse Isinglass, the latter's line being the one to continue into modern times.
PARADOX (1882), a bay colt out of Casuistry (1876, by The Miner), was born in 1882 at Yardley Stud. His dam was a very modest race horse who won a maiden place over half a mile at Epsom in her four starts as a juvenile, and was sent to the stud at age three. PARADOX was purchased as a yearling by trainer John Porter and sold after a good trial to Hugh Lupus Grosvenor (1st) Duke of Westminster, for a tidy profit of over £5,000. Finishing a disappointing third (dead heat with Royal Hampton) to Melton in his first race, the Middle Park Plate, Westminster sold him on to another Porter client, American Broderick Cloete, after which PARADOX easily won his next race, the Dewhurst Plate, beating Cora, Xaintrailles and Lonely. Always a difficult ride, and later vicious, PARADOX had a habit of stopping as soon as he reached the front in his races: he was able to hang on to win the 2,000 Guineas by a nose, but lost by a head to Melton in the Derby. He went on to easily win the Grand Prix de Paris, Goodwood's Sussex Stakes, the Champion Stakes, and the Free Handicap. Retired to stud at age four, in his brief career -- he died at age eight -- he got some good producers, including Thankful Blossom, sent to the U.S.A., where she was dam of a good race filly, Colonial, and through her, tail-female ancestress of Bull Lea and Nellie Flag.
HARVESTER, out of the Young Melbourne daughter, Wheatear, was a bay colt foaled in 1881. He was a good juvenile, winning the Clearwell Stakes and the Triennial Produce Stakes. At age three he won the Payne Stakes at Newmarket, ran third to Scot Free and St. Medard in the 2,000 Guineas, dead-heated with St. Gatien for first in the Epsom Derby, and later won the Gratwicke Stakes at Goodwood. His dam, Wheatear, was a fair winner, who won three races in her six starts at age two, won the Oaks at Newmarket and two Biennials at Ascot at age three, and a Biennial at Newmarket at age four. In addition to siring some producing daughters, Harvester had some influence on jumpers: a daughter, Cider, was second dam of 1929 Grand National Steeplechase winner Gregalach, and a son, Harvest Feast, was the grandsire of the Irish-bred Maudie, a dam of winning steeplechasers. |
ENERGY (1880) was out of a great producer, Cherry Duchess (1871), by Goodwood Cup winner The Duke (a son of Stockwell). At Yardley, consistently bred to Sterling, she also produced 2,000 Guineas winner Enthusiast, Cherry Ripe (a good sire of jumpers), and daughters who had some influence on the breed (see below). Energy, owned by W. Sterling Crawford, second husband of the Duchess of Montrose, and trained by John Porter of Kingsclere, was a high class miler that won Ascot's Workingham Stakes and Newmarket's July Cup, among other races. After Crawford's death in 1884, he was taken up by Captain James "Jem" Machell, who owned or managed several Grand National winners, and was associated with HARVESTER, and with Derby winner Hermit, and later with ISONOMY'S son, Isinglass. In 1886 Machell sold ENERGY to Edmond Blanc, who in 1883 had purchased the Bel-Ebat Stud near Paris; Blanc was replacing the English-bred Ascot Gold Cup winner Scottish Chief, who had died after just two years at St. Cloud. Blanc was to become a powerhouse breeder in France from his later stud, Haras de Jardy at St. Cloud (purchased in 1889), largely due to his later purchase of the English Triple Crown winner Flying Fox at a record-breaking auction price in 1900.
For Blanc, ENERGY sired RÈverÈnd (1888, out of Reveuse by Perplexe), winner of eight races, among them the Grand Criterium and Prix Greffulhe; he was the champion juvenile in France in 1890. Also in 1888 the Tournament daughter Gladia dropped Energy's son, Gouverneur, who won nine races, including the Rous Memorial Stakes, the Criterion Stakes and the Middle Park Plate in England, and the Prix Lupin, Prix Jean Prat and Prix des Sablons in France. Both Reverend and Gouverneur became influential sires. The following year, 1889, Reveuse dropped Energy's son Reuil, who was champion in France at both ages two and three, winning, among other races, the Grand Prix de Paris. In 1890 Gladia produced the filly Gouvernante, a sister to Gouverneur. Retained by Blanc for his stud, when bred to Flying Fox in 1900, she produced the chestnut Gouvernant (1901), a winner of sixteen races, and Blanc's biggest money earner, whose winnings exceeded even the unbeaten Ajax's (1901, by Flying Fox). Gouvernant won the French 2,000 Guineas at three. His other wins included the Prix du Cadran, the Prix Jean Prat, the Grosser Preis von Baden-Baden and the Grand Prix de Saint Cloud, and was champion older horse in France at age four. Gouvernante also produced Governor (1897, by Le Pompon), who won the French 2,000 Guineas. Energy's stay in France was brief, only four years; he died early, at age ten, in 1890, the year his first foals, Reverend and Gouvernour were demonstrating his superiority as a sire.
ENTERPRISE (1884), out of a King Tom daughter, was a good juvenile who won the New Stakes at Ascot and Newmarket's July Stakes, running second to Florentine in the Middle Park Plate, and to Reve d'Or in the Dewhurst Plate (both by good margins). He won the 2,000 Guineas at age three, beating a very modest field, his last race. His dam ran unplaced four times at ages two and three. Bajazzo (1905), winner of Germany's Union Rennen and Henckel Rennen, descended from him. A brother to ENTERPRISE, the brown ATHELING (1883), was a fair sire in Ireland, getting the 1896 Irish Oaks winner, Kosmos (1893), before being sent to the U.S., where in Philadelphia he sired the runners Short Hose and Bryn Mawr, the latter later a modestly successful sire.
ENTHUSIAST (1886), was a colt of Yardley Stud breeding, out of Cherry Duchess by The Duke, and so brother to ENERGY, CHERRY (see below), and others noted here. He ran second twice at age two, in the Criterion Stakes and the Middle Park Plate (won by Donovan). He beat the favored Donovan by a head in the 2,000 Guineas, but failed to place in the Derby and the St. Leger, both won by the brilliant and genuine Donovan. Like his dam, Cherry Duchess, who won four times as a juvenile, never over more than five furlongs, he was generally unable to go a distance. His son, Eager (1894), won the Rous Memorial Stakes at Ascot and Newmarket's July Cup and was later a successful sire of 1,000 Guineas winner Electra; Jessica, dam of 1919 Oaks winner Bayuda; Sir Eager and Princess Eager, sire and dam respectively of Irish Oaks winners Becka and Captive Princess (also winner of the Irish St. Leger); and Meleager, who was among the leading sires of jumpers in the U.K. Enthusiast also sired Bunch of Roses, a winner in Ireland and dam of Irish Derby winner Wild Bouquet, who later became a winning hurdler in England, and a number of other good producing daughters. As a sire in Ireland, he also got a good number of successful steeplechasers, and was dam's sire of Irish Grand National winner Civil War.
CHERRY RIPE (1884), another Yardley Stud product, was a full brother to ENTHUSIAST, ENERGY, CHERRY and others noted here. He got Irish Derby winner Lord Rossmore (1900); Red Heart, a sire of jumpers in Ireland, and Lady Derry, from whom the great French stayer Elf II descended. Cherry Ripe was among the leading sires of jumpers in Ireland, and one of his sons, Drogheda, won the Grand National Steeplechase in 1898.
FERNANDEZ (1887), brother to ISONOMY, and bred at Yardley, won the Craven Stakes at Newmarket, and later sired two good stayers. His son Gonsalvo (1887) won the Ascot Gold Cup, the Goodwood Cup, Ascot's Alexandra Stakes and Liverpool's Knowsley Dinner Stakes. Fernandez's son Wavelet's Pride, who had both stamina and speed, won the Doncaster Cup, the Great Metropolitan Handicap, and a hurdle race at Hooton Park. Wavelet's Pride headed the leading sires list of jumpers for ten years; the 1926 Irish Grand National Steeplechase winner Amberwave, was one of his sons, and he was broodmare sire of the great chaser Golden Miller.
The bay PLAY ACTOR (1879), from the Newminster daughter Thalia, was a successful steeplechase sire in Ireland; a daughter, Playmate, was the dam of Jenkinstown, the 1910 Grand National Steeplechase winner, and a half-bred daughter, Molly, was the dam of 1922 Grand National Steeplechase winner Music Hall.
Other Sterling sons who were good racehorses included:
GOLD (1886) was a chestnut colt out of Lucetta, by Tibthorpe. His seven wins included Epsom's Woodcote Stakes, Newmarket's Champion Stakes, and the Ascot Gold Cup, and he dead-heated for first with Hamptonia in Newmarket's Chesterfield Stakes. He was not successful as a sire.
GEOLOGIST (1878), out of the Lord Clifden daughter Siluria, was a good runner owned by Frederick Gretton who lost the St. Leger in the last strides to the American import Iroquois in 1881. His dam also produced ENDURANCE (1889), whose grandaughter, Loved One, was a successful producer in Australia.
The bay BEAUDESERT (1877) was out of Sea Gull, by Lifeboat; he won the Middle Park Stakes. He got some good daughters, including Belle Rose, who produced Pink Domino after being sent to the U.S., and through her was the grandsire of American matron Curiosity and top racehorse and leading sire Sweep. Beaudesert's son, Stiletto, who won the Gran Premio Carlos Pellegrini and the Gran Premio Nacional in Argentina became a sire of classic winners there.
Sterling's son ESTERLING (1882) was out of the great multiple-classic winning mare Apology (by Adventurer). He won the Craven Stakes; through his modest racing daughter Grace Conroy he had some influence on French breeding. The bay METAL (1882), out of the Vespasian daughter Fair Vestal, was shipped off to Australia after an indifferent turf career, and became a good sire, primarily of stayers, and broodmare sire of Poitrel (1914), a great winner of 17 of 37 races, including the Melbourne Cup.
Sterling's Daughters
Sterling's daughters were not, as a rule, good runners. However, through them or their daughters came such sires as Blandford (also tail-male to Sterling through his son, Isonomy), Bay Ronald, Landgraf, Cameronian, Absurd, Bill of Portland, and Minoru.
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Superba
Cherry, from whom descend classic winners Cherimoya and Cameronian.
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SUPERBA (1881), from Highland Fling (Family 14), by the great broodmare sire Scottish Chief, was the best racing daughter of Sterling's. She won her first seven races as a juvenile, losing two toward the end of her first season; her wins included Newmarket's Chesterfield Stakes, Doncaster's Champagne Stakes, and the Rous Memorial Stakes, all top two year old events. She ran four times at age three, winning the Sandown Derby, running second to Busybody (who had beaten her into fourth place in the Royal Fern Stakes at age two) in the Oaks, and third to The Lambkin and Sandiway in Doncaster's St. Leger Stakes. In the stud she produced the bay colt Pride (1892, by Merry Hampton), winner of Ascot Gold Vase and the Queen Alexandra Stakes at Ascot, and Lady Wrangler, from whom German classic winners and irish Derby winner Land of Song descended in tail-female.
CHERRY (1881, Family 27 - a) was out of Cherry Duchess, and so a full sister to ENTHUSIAST, ENERGY, et.al. Like them, she was bred at Yardley, and was Broderick Cloete's first Sterling youngster in training with John Porter. She won the Grand Prize at Epsom, the Grand Prize at at Kempton, and walked-over for the Knowsley Dinner Plate at Epsom. Her daughter, Cereza (1888), won the Coronation Stakes. Her son, Cherry Tree (1891, by Hampton), was a non-winner who sired Cherimoya (1908), winner of the Oaks in her first and only start. Cherimoya produced Sunny Moya (dam of Sunny Trace (1925) and The MacNab (1926), both stakes winners) and Una Cameron (1922, by Gainsborough), a modest winner that became dam of dual classic winner Cameronian, a good sire in England and Argentina. |
Cherry Tree also sired Quick (1902), who produced the good stayer Mushroom and Mary Gaunt, dam of Abbot's Speed. DOROTHEA (1885), also a member of this group of siblings out of Cherry Duchess, was a producer--she was tail-female ancestress of the good American racehorse Alsab (1939), and of the German Derby winner and influential sire, Landgraf (1914). Another Sterling - Cherry Duchess daughter was LADY CAROLINA (1889), whose tail-female descendants included Irish Derby winner He Goes (1917), and classic winning fillies in New Zealand.
BLACK CORRIE (1879, out of a mare by Wild Dayrell) produced Black Duchess (1886) to Galliard, who placed in three minor events as a juvenile, and won the five furlong Alexandra Handicap at a minor venue at age three. Black Duchess became the dam of the handicapper and highly influential sire, Bay Ronald (1893, by Hampton), and of the great broodmare Black Cherry (1892, by Bendigo), dam of the unbeaten juvenile filly Jean's Folly, and through another daughter, dual classic winner Cherry Lass, grandam of the great sire Blandford, of Nun's Veil and other horses important to the breed.
TRUE LOVE (1878) was out of a Stockwell daughter, Carine. She won the King Hal and Clermont Stakes at Hampton as a juvenile. She produced three daughters that bred on -- Sterling Love, Stolen Love and Sweetheart; Sterling Love's tail-female descendants included 1964 Oaks winner Homeward Bound, two Grand National Steeplechase winners --Hallo Dandy (1974) and Rhyme n' Reason (1979) -- and classic winners in Germany and Japan.
Sterling's daughter YESTERLING (1889, out of Yessel, by Blinkhoolie, Family 14 - f) won three races, and later was an excellent producer. She was dam of Richmond Stakes winner Golden Gate; Ouadi Halfa, who won the Grand Criterium and the French 2,000 Guineas; and the bay Sterling Balm, a top juvenile runner who won the Gimcrack Stakes at York and Ascot's Coventry Stakes, and at age three Ascot's Fern Hill Stakes. Two of Sterling Balm's daughters produced classic winners, and a number of top runners descend from them and her other daughters.
AQUILA (1891, from Eagle by Phoenix) was sent to the U.S., where, bred to the great racehorse and four-time leading sire Hanover, she produced Lady Sterling (1899). Lady Sterling went on to become the dam of U.S. Triple Crown champion Sir Barton (1916, by Star Shoot) and of Sir Martin (1906, by Ogden), who was the champion two year old in the U.S., and later won prestigious races in England, such as the Coronation Cup. She also produced Lady Doreen, dam of the champion U.S. filly Princess Doreen.
The chestnut INCHBONNY (1883, from Casuistry, and so sister to PARADOX) placed second once in a maiden plate at the age of three. Through her unraced daughter, Paradoxical (1891, by Timothy), she was grandam of the Melton daughter Absurdity (1903), a modest winner at age two, who produced Absurd (1909), five-time leading sire in New Zealand; Black Jester (1911), winner of the Doncaster St. Leger, the City and Suburban Handicap, and other races, and dual-classic winning filly Jest (1910, later dam of Derby winner Humorist), among her eight winners.
Two Sterling daughters produced good sires in Australia: CATHERINE DOUGLAS (1885, from Lassie by Blair Athol), whose son, Ayr Laddie (by Ayrshire), became a leading sire in Australia (1912-13), and another Sterling daughter, ELECTRIC LIGHT (1876, out of Beachy Head by Knight of St. Patrick), produced Bill of Portland (by St. Simon), who, when sent to Australia, became such a successful sire that he was sent back to England for stud duty. Bill of Portland's son, Maltster, was five-times leading sire in Australia. Electric Light was also the dam of Lovely (1880), who won the Prince of Wales's Cup and Stewards' Cup at Liverpool, and Ascot's Coronation Stakes, and the modest winner Petrel (1887, by Peter), later dam of the good producer Arc Light (1893).
A number of other Sterling daughters were good producers, among them: LADY YARDLEY (1878, from Lida by Weatherbit) was the dam of 2,000 Guineas winner Disraeli and Gimcrack Stakes winner Castor (later sire in New Zealand); the dual-classic winner and good sire Minoru (1906, Cyllene- Mother Siegel) was a great-grandson of the non-winning Sterling daughter MOTHER SUPERIOR (1881, out of Chanoinesse by Newminster); KEIRA (1884, out of Wild Duchess) was second dam of French 2,000 Guineas winner Xylene (1901, by Le Sancy).
--Patricia Erigero |
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